BORING
When boring and tools do not
meet your expectations, simply grind
5-10 degrees positive top rake, radius
nose .010" to .020" and lightly
hone cutting edge.
BOX
TURNING
When turning hex or square stock,
grind a land across the entire face
of tool .020" to .025". Be
sure to lightly hone cutting edge after
grind.
CUT-OFF
Depending on material, often
removing and breaking the chip becomes
necessary. Here are chip-breaker recommendations:
Land = 1 to _ times the feed per revolution.
Width = 3 to 4 times the feed per revolution.
Depth = .010" to .015&qu ot;. Always
use as much feed rate as possible.
MILLING
It is important to select the
End Mill not only in the appropriate
diameter for the job but to also choose
the correct size with the number of
flutes most efficient for the milling
operation performed. In general, the
harder the workpiece , the higher the
number of flutes should be selected;
and the softer the material, the fewer,
but wider flutes are required for better
chip clearance. After each resharpening,
the feather edge on the flutes should
be removed with a fine grit hone to
avoid chipping.
TURNING
Rigidity of your set-up and
starting your cut at centerline is of
utmost importance. A side rake angle
of 15 degrees is desirable, and 30-45
degrees for your side cutting edge angles
will distribute the cutting force and
improve tool life . For heavy interrupted
cuts of forgings, use as large a nose
radius as possible. For light finishing
cuts, grind a 45 degree land .010"
deep across the nose, or radius .015"
- .020". All chip breakers should
have a radius, equal to depth a t rear.
WHEN
TO SHARPEN
A
change in the color of the chip will
usually indicate a dull tool.
Appreciable
wear lands will also indicate the need
to sharpen.
Running
dull cutters reduces cutter life considerably.
A
fine-grit diamond wheel is recommended
to sharpen, but care must be used to
prevent burning of the cutting edge.
This could result in cracking of the
carbide or flaking of the cutting edge.
Proper
relief angles are necessary for proper
performance.
Typically,
5 to 10 percent of the diameter can
be removed without refluting, however,
as the O.D. gets ground, the rake angle
is reduced, resulting in loss of efficiency
in machining.